Budget Deficit in Vietnam from 2008 - 2012 - 5259 Words

TABLE OF CONTENT I. Definition and Current Situation in Vietnam 3 I.1.What is budget deficit 3 a. Definition 3 b. How to measure 3 I.2.Overview the budget deficit in Viet Nam for the latest 5 years 4 II. Factors influencing budget deficit in Vietnam 4 II.1 State Budget Revenue 4 a. High tax rate 4 b. Revenues from unsustainable non tax resources 5 II.2 State Budget Spending 6 a. High public spending continuously 6 b. Widely spread public investment 6 c. Low investment efficiency from the SOE sector 7 III. Impact of Budget Deficit to Macroeconomic Variables in Theory and Practice 8 III.1 Inflation 8 III.2 Interest rate 8 III.3 Trade balance exchange rate 9 III.4 Economic Growth 10 IV. Recommendations for†¦show more content†¦Deficits are financed by borrowings that itself increase the debt. If the ratio debt-to-GDP gets too high, investors will worry that the government will either default on this debt or will devaluate by monetising its debt and in this way engineer a high inflation rate. According to the Maastricht Treaty, the EU countries should not have a budget deficit higher than 3% of the GDP and a debt higher than 60% of the GDP. I.2.Overview the budget deficit in Viet Nam for the latest 5 years Macroeconomic Report 2012 titled â€Å"from macroeconomic instability to restructuring† released by the National Assembly’s Economic Committee announced that Vietnam’s state budget deficit and public debts have increased rapidly. The report (Figure 1 Annex) pointed out that the country has suffered constantly increasing the state budget deficit for more than a decade. Particularly, the average state budget deficit (excluding repayments for Vietnam’s original debts) in the 2003 – 2007 period was only 1.3 percent of GDP, but this figure had more than doubled to 2.7 percent of GDP in the 2008 – 2012 period. Especially in recent years, ongoing budget deficits have led to the rapid growth of public debt. Vietnam’s total public debts have increased from about 40 percent of GDP in late 2007 to 57 percent of GDP at the end of 2010 and only declined slightly in 2011. At the same time, Vietnam’s foreign debts have surgedShow MoreRelatedThe National Debt Of The United States Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we talk about national deficit and surplus we refer to the government budget balance from year to year, not a cumulative total of all debt. I want to review the background of the US debt, how it has reached its all-time highs along with the components, our obligations, measurements, risks, and foreign holdings and also discuss if there are causes for concern. Background The â€Å"Nixon Shock† as it’s referred to, is said to have opened up the door for our large deficit. Before President Nixon removedRead MoreExport And Import Markets And Trade Balance Essay1534 Words   |  7 PagesDollar 0.000105 9481.559315 Swiss Franc 0.000075 13342.599438 Malaysian Ringgit 0.000329 3044.057124 Japanese Yen 0.008360 119.614523 10. Government Deficits and Debt Figure 15. Government budget deficit trend of Indonesia In 2015, Indonesia’s Government budget deficit was 2.53 percent of the country s Gross Domestic Product. The budget reached to an all-time high level of 3.02 % in 1995 and a record low of -2.53 in 2015. Figure 16. Debt to GDP trend of Indonesia Indonesian Government’sRead MoreVietnam : A Successful Development Process2161 Words   |  9 PagesMacroeconomic Overview of Vietnam Vietnam has gone through a successful development process, known to be one of south east Asia’s fastest growing economy and could possibly become a developed nation by 2020 (BBC News, 2014). Vietnam was once one of the poorest countries in the world in 1986 with per capita income below $100. As of present, Vietnam has transformed into a lower middle income country with per capita income of $1,960 by 2013 (The World Bank, 2014). Vietnam’s GDP per capita have beenRead MoreWas the Vietnam War Necessary?1771 Words   |  8 PagesThe Vietnam War was not necessary Donna Baker COM/172 Version 3 October 29, 2012 Donna Hooley The Vietnam War started in 1954 with the defeat of the French and ended in 1975 with the fall and withdrawal of Saigon. The United States’ (U.S.’s) involvement in the Vietnam War started in 1963 with support of weapons, military training, advisement, and supplies until 1965 when U.S. troops went into battle with the North Vietnamese (Szczepanski, n.d.). American troops did not pull out of the war untilRead MoreFiscal Deficits And Government Debts3391 Words   |  14 PagesFiscal deficits and Government Debts. The growth of government debt can have disastrous consequences for an economy in the long-run. How can one explain these occurrences and how, if at all, can they be stopped or prevented? When federal revenues and government spending are equal in a given fiscal year, then the government has a balanced budget. When the revenues are greater than spending, the result is a surplus. 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By the 19th Century, our Canadian economy started to reconstruct from colonial to a continental one. In the 1840s, Britain withdrew from the Commercialism systems that have given priority to imports from the colonies, including Canada. In return, Canada looked toRead MoreLife Expectancy At The Philippines1795 Words   |  8 Pagesdependency ratio will hover below 10% until it starts rising to 14% around 2050. Conclusion Unlike Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam, the Philippines have a relatively complicated benefit calculation. Replacement rates were too high for non-high earners, up to 78.1% for an average earner, therefore not achieving the pension goal of providing old-age financial security. Learning from the Philippines, we see that actuarial valuations need to be done every few years to review the sustainability of the pensionRead MoreMgm Resorts International Case Study1684 Words   |  7 Pagesvenues. 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BRICS are the world’s largest emerging markets and CIVETS are the second largest emerging markets in the world. Emerging markets are also known as; emerging

Preconceived Notions of Western-Europe - 1165 Words

Preconceived notions of Western-European forms of kinship and societal relations influence anthropological studies of kinship in different cultures (Schneider). Morgan theorized that a sexual relationship between female and male constituted marriage. In addition to this, Morgan considered the biological reproduction of offspring the key determinant in kinship classification as parents of said offspring. This paradigm has influenced the viewpoint of anthropologists’ studying other forms of kinship in different cultures. Rather than examining what kinship is to those being studied, anthropologists attempt to classify it into familiar categories. Two ethnographies that attempt eliminate this Western-European bias are â€Å"Biology Unmoored† by Sandra Bamford and â€Å"Sport of Kings† by Rebecca Cassidy. â€Å"Biology Unmoored† examines the Kamea, an indigenous people of the Papa New Guinea Highlands. The Kamea do not solely base kinship on reproduction; rathe r, kinship and societal relations are based on the human relationship with the plant environment. Using the viewpoint of the Kamea, Bamford analyzes the biological paradigm proposed by Morgan, which has influenced many anthropological studies. In the ethnography â€Å"Sport of Kings† Rebecca Cassidy examines the British racing industry in Newmarket, the international headquarters of horse racing. Cassidy claims that by analyzing the relationship between humans and animals we may better understand kinship and social relations between humans. ByShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of James L Gelvin s Book, The Modern Middle East876 Words   |  4 Pagesdeny that the occurrence of one country occupying another, that country leaves its’ â€Å"footprint† on the other. 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Jane was adopted into the Reed family following the death of her biologicalRead MoreThree Western Religions and their View on Women: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam636 Words   |  3 PagesMy paper studies the three most significant and most commonly known western religion Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in terms of the role that the woman played and a brief synopsis of the religions itself. Religion is a system of human though which usually includes a set of narratives, symbols, beliefs and practices that give meaning to the practitioner’s experiences of life through reference to a higher power, deity, or ultimate truth. Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are the only religions thatRead MoreWhile Generally, People Aim For Truth In The Pursuit Of1540 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluenced the region while discrediting Arab culture and ideas. 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Marjane’s life eventually plummeted leadingRead MoreA Review of Nancy Fasers Rethinking the Public Sphere1000 Words   |  4 Pagesa response to Habermas 1973 essay, later published in English as The Public Sphere in 1989. Habermas states his co ncept of the public sphere as both historical, and normative. It is historical both in the sense of era and region- 20th century Western Europe. He dismantles the distinctions between the public and private domain. According to Habermas, man should be autonomous from the state and the civil society, but he feels that public-ness is degenerating due to the advent of theRead MoreA Review of Nancy Fasers Rethinking the Public Sphere1007 Words   |  5 Pagesa response to Habermas 1973 essay, later published in English as The Public Sphere in 1989. Habermas states his concept of the public sphere as both historical, and normative. It is historical both in the sense of era and region- 20th century Western Europe. He dismantles the distinctions between the public and private domain. According to Habermas, man should be autonomous from the state and the civil society, but he feels that public-ness is degenerating due to the advent of the massRead MoreThe Humanitarian Intervention And International Aid2827 Words   |  12 Pagesaid provided by Western forces to combat diseases such as ebola and AIDS reinforce already preconceived patriarchal notions of Africa as the afflicted continent. From the colonial era leading up to the present day, Africa has been constantly afflicted in one form or another by various types of lethal disease including but certainly not limited to ebola and AIDS. The epidemics caused by these diseases have often been considered to necessitate outside intervention namely by Western influences. PerceivedRead MorePacific Geopolitics During The 21st Century1788 Words   |  8 Pagespoints/arguments (from Orientalism) and the extent to which these are relevant to the Pacific. Hayley Catlow Introduction Orientalism tries to answer the question of why, when we think of the Orient, we have a preconceived notion of what kind of people live there, what they believe, and how they act; even when we may have never been there or met anyone from there. Said argues that the way we acquire this knowledge is not objective, but rather the end result of a processRead MoreThe Economic And Social Structure Of Africa1661 Words   |  7 Pagespredictions and decisions. One of the world’s oldest boats was found in Nigeria (Emeagwali 2015). Boats are very important for economics because they are relied upon for trade. Africa had a great influence on the economy of Europe. Africa was â€Å"the major source of gold for Europe before the conquest of the Americas- from the empires of Ghana and Mali† (Emeagwali 2015). Control of the gold trade â€Å"was a major stimulus behind the founding of the state† (Shillington 2012: 104). The rulers of Mali had

Kate Chopin’s Life in Writing Free Essays

The life of Kate Chopin was an interesting tale of struggle and perseverance in an area of the country where things were quite difficult. Growing up around the turn of the twentieth century, Chopin had to put up with a difficult life in addition to the usual challenges that went along with being a woman at the time. Unlike in today’s time, women did not have many rights, nor did they have many opportunities when Chopin was growing up. We will write a custom essay sample on Kate Chopin’s Life in Writing or any similar topic only for you Order Now As with the majority of great writers during that time, life experiences were important. Not only did Chopin draw from her experiences to come up with story ideas and character ideas, but she took some very specific instances to create stories. Though all of her works had some elements of this held within, there are two works that specifically highlight some of her more difficult life experiences and speak to the overall struggle of women during her time. In her works, Desiree’s Baby and The Story of an Hour, readers get to not only read a great story, but also understand how one woman’s struggle to overcome can impact the way that she writes. In order to understand the references in her work, a person has to understand exactly what she went to during various portions of her life. The one overriding theme in her life was loss. As evidenced by a article on Kate Chopin from A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography, the woman had trouble keeping a man around in her life. This does not mean that she was divorced or had men leave her, either. Instead, almost every meaningful man in her life died in a difficult fashion. Her father was one of the leading railroad men around the turn of the century and he lost his life on the rail when one of his tracks collapsed. Kate Chopin was only five years old at the time, so she had to live the majority of her life without a father figure. The bad luck did not stop there for Chopin, either. Her half-brother passed away from a rare case of swamp fever when she was young, as well. When Chopin married a few years later at the age of 20, she had married a man who she thought would take the place of her brother and her father. He did her no favor by racking up a huge amount of debt and subsequently passing away from swamp fever, as well. Those things alone were enough to nearly drive her over the edge and created a really difficult life that was much harder than what most of her contemporaries had to go through. In a way, this set her up as a strong woman and prepared her to take on many of the challenges that faced women of her era, though. It is from this struggle that Chopin’s great works arose. Another aspect of Kate Chopin’s life that must be taken into account is the racism and inequality that she had to face. She was of Creole origin, which was one of the factions of society that was looked down upon by everyone else around them. In Desiree’s Baby, these themes of racism are presented quickly and succinctly. In the story, things change dramatically when it is realized that her baby, and subsequently Desiree, are not actually white. The more telling thing is what follows in the book. It is telling that she tries frantically to convince her husband that she is white. This is the most important thing to her. In the work, Chopin writes, â€Å"A quick conception of all that this accusation meant for her nerved her with unwonted courage to deny it. â€Å"It is a lie; it is not true, I am white! Look at my hair, it is brown; and my eyes are gray, Armand, you know they are gray. And my skin is fair,† seizing his wrist. â€Å"Look at my hand, whiter than yours, Armand,† she laughed hysterically† (Chopin, p.2). Though this is not exactly how Chopin’s life went down, she does draw from her experiences. In addition to the idea of racism, one can view the desperation to keep a man around as a commentary on her life. Chopin lost many of the men in her life for various reasons and that can be seen in Desiree’s story. Not only is she distraught about the realization that she and her baby are not white, but she also worries that her man will leave her because of it. This is the most important thing for her character, so this might be an indication of what Chopin finds important. Though the reference to her life can be seen in that story, it can be seen even greater in another one of her stories. The Story of an Hour is the most telling story that shows how much the author was impacted by the experiences of her life. Interestingly, the reader gets an indication in the first sentence of what the author is thinking. In that sentence, she writes, â€Å"Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with a heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death† (Chopin). Not only does her own experience of losing her husband play a role in shaping the story, but the pain of losing him also plays a role. She has been there in that situation, so she knows all too well that losing a husband is one of the most difficult things a person can go through. Though it is not exactly clear who the author is talking about in much of the story, there are times when it appears that she is representing herself in many of the lines. At one point, Chopin writes of the struggle when she writes, â€Å"She was young, with a fair, calm face, whose lines bespoke repression and even a certain strength. But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought† (Chopin). From this, the reader can come away with some sense of what Chopin may have been going through with her experiences in her life. From the words, the struggle seems to be too much to overcome. Overall, the two stories present different struggles, which is something that really shows how much she had to go through in her life. Most people would consider losing three men as big a challenge as any person should ever have to face. That was obviously not the case for Chopin, though. Her experiences shaped who she became in a number of different ways, including her struggles with female equality. During her time, being a successful writer was not a given for a woman, even if that woman had all of the talent and resources to succeed in the business. While she was having to put up with all of the problems of her life, she also had to try to put up a fight against the people who refused to take her seriously. Her entire career was a struggle to balance the emotions that she had to face. She had to feel pain for what was going on with her husband, her father, and her brother, but she could not readily show that. It was a very brave move including her life experiences in her works because that was not exactly an accepted tactic. By doing that, she opened up herself to lots of criticism, but it was something that made her a memorable writer. Overall, much of Kate Chopin’s life can be seen through her works. If a person takes the time to sit down and study her life, then they would see that she had to face a lot. From facing that adversity, she became strong enough to overcome some of the racism and the discrimination that plagued other writers during her time. She allows herself to show some emotion and to be a human, but she never lets her guard down so much that people can take advantage of her. That strength is reflected in her work and it’s the thing that makes them so interesting. Works Cited Chopin, Kate. The Story of an Hour. 1894. Chopin, Kate. Desiree’s Baby. 1893. â€Å"Kate O’Flaherty Chopin†, A Dictionary of Louisiana Biography, Vol. I (1988), p. 176 How to cite Kate Chopin’s Life in Writing, Essay examples

Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 2. On the path to oblivion Review Essay Example

Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 2. On the path to oblivion Review Paper Essay on Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 2. On the path to oblivion It looks like Harlan Ellison who has tipchik. I do not even know what life is his wife. I think somewhere between morning coffee and daily lynching negligent publishers or those who do right, Allison !, trampled he likes to grumble at home. Although it may be all the bile he spends numerous disassembly and houses they reigns idyll? Actually, what am I doing? And the fact that in numerous forewords to the stories or the authors notes Allison likes to point out that he is still the ugly bastard. And that he seems to like it. For example the text looks like Toto, were not in Kansas is devoted to the story of how Allison worked on the script for a science-fiction series. And how was prokinut producer completely bury both the original plan, but dopoluchil their money, as he was offended by the customer how to use it struggled, and how was glad to lose 93 thousand dollars, but to see Hollywood boss decided his prokinut in deep shit . Yeah, something, and Allison is able to gloat. As part of the hazard, the old man, I think could easily compete with Voltaire, also famous for its quarrelsomeness We will write a custom essay sample on Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 2. On the path to oblivion Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 2. On the path to oblivion Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Worlds Harlan Ellison. Volume 2. On the path to oblivion Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But if Toto. a special case, please, from the pen of Harlan came and a special driving nails. The essay on anger and hatred, written by a master of the genre. Here Harlan nightingale poured that in war all means are good, but also to bend the stick still not worth it. Therefore, the first rule of revenge is: Never start with a hydrogen bomb. What, however, it means that a bomb just worth to reserve the last. But, for pristruneniya negligent publisher violating clause of the contract fit attraction assassin like intimidation element, and mailing lists, consisting of several hundred bricks bricks for 10-40 MMA separate parcels a day. And as the apotheosis descend and dead rat sent mail is not fast. It seems that Allison is still a skunk, and the man who was supposed to be digested in their own bile. But, squirt, only refers to the study by researchers claiming to troublemakers and grumbler live longer. Yet, whatever the disgusting hatred and anger, to write about these matters in which Allison dock can. Yes he can. Im sure Allison could even write a shopping list so that the aforesaid read is a pleasure. His remarkable hard grumpy humor, which is hard to find in his artistic works truly reigns in many lyrical digressions and author comments Read literary kitchen Harlan Ellison:. It seems that Toto that we are not in Kansas driving in of nails. The essay on anger and revenge, written by a master of the genre

African Americans and Freedom essays

African Americans and Freedom essays In 1865, after the  Civil War, the United States became a united and powerful nation with a strong national government. Andrew Johnson set policies which were different for black and white people. According to Walter L. Fleming in The Mississippi Black Code," laws were passed after the  Civil War  that drastically limited civil rights  and the liberties  of black people. In the beginning, freedmen and black people faced discrimination, violence, and segregation, but black leaders continued working diligently and with the passage of time, equality took form. Black Code is used to refer to legislation which was passed by Southern states at the end of the Civil War to control the labor and movement of slaves.  During 1865, every Southern state passed Black Codes that restricted the  freedman. These codes gave African Americans certain rights: such as legalized marriage, ownership of property and limited access to the courts, but denied them the rights to testify against whites, to serve on juries or in state militias, or to vote and express legal concern publicly. This document was written by Fleming during 1906 1907. The author wrote this article to explain the history of black people and about their troubles they had faced during the reconstruction period. When white people make their government, they made their own rules. According to Vagrant Law in sec 2, state of Mississippi required all black persons to sign yearly labor contract but not white citizens. The reason was that white people wanted to keep black people under their controls. They want to keep all black people as slave. Thats why black people used to get low wages and they could not leave the job because if they did, they would have been arrested and got fined, which was more than 10 dollars and less than 100 dollars. Furthermore, they were facing discrimination for everything. Freedmen and black people were not allowed to marry white girls. If ...

Diminish, Decline, and Dwindle

Diminish, Decline, and Dwindle Diminish, Decline, and Dwindle Diminish, Decline, and Dwindle By Maeve Maddox A reader asks, Can you please post an article on the correct usage of the words diminish, decline, and dwindle?  I believe diminish is used with uncountable nouns such as the light diminishes, decline is used with abstract and uncountable nouns such as â€Å"decline in quality† or â€Å"decline in performance,† and dwindle is used only with countable nouns such as â€Å"the population of tigers has dwindled.† This question, so intellectual and logic-seeking, made me aware in striking fashion how differently speakers approach language. Were I debating which of the three verbs to use- diminish, decline, or dwindle- I would weigh their distinctive emotive qualities, never giving a thought to whether they refer to countable or non-countable nouns. As it happens, all three of these verbs may be used with countable or uncountable nouns when the intended meaning is â€Å"to lessen† or â€Å"to become smaller.† Deciding which to choose depends upon context and the connotation wanted. Diminish descends from a Latin verb meaning â€Å"to cut small. Ancient Latin had the verb diminuere, â€Å"to break into small pieces, and diminuere, â€Å"to make smaller, to reduce in size.† Decline derives from Latin declinare, â€Å"to turn or bend away or aside from the straight course.† Dwindle derives from dwine, an archaic English verb meaning, â€Å"to waste or pine away.† That all three are used interchangeably in modern English is illustrated by the following examples from the Web: As populations age and revenues diminish, government and private pension funds around the world are facing insolvency. Nevada and Strip gaming revenues decline in February Chicago food fest struggles as revenues dwindle Diminish conveys a lessening of the strength or quality of something. Its most common use is with uncountable nouns: Are we getting more stupid? Researchers claim our intelligence is diminishing as we no longer need it to survive Researchers have some new insights into how power  diminishes  a persons capacity for  empathy. Our smartphones supply endless possibilities for entertainment, but a new study shows they can diminish the quality of users time away from work or school. Decline connotes a gradual diminishing, like something moving down a slope. We had watched our children decline, fall into drug and alcohol abuse, fail to perform at school, lose jobs, abandon relationships, become unable to function in the family or society, and we hadn’t known why.   Agriculture is  declining day by day. The six monthshad been for me a sorrowful waiting game of watching [my mother] decline and wondering which day would be her last. Dwindle suggests a gradual diminution into nothingness or something close to it. A novel’s plot might dwindle to a disappointing close. A dying battery causes a flashlight’s illumination to dwindle. The liquid in the â€Å"Drink Me† vial causes Alice to dwindle in size. An excellent photographic visualization of dwindling is what the Wicked Witch of the West does when Dorothy throws water on her in The Wizard of Oz. A quotation that I associate with the word dwindle is the line that concludes Millamant’s monologue to her fiancà © Mirabell in Congreve’s Way of the World. After listing the freedoms she enjoyed as an unmarried woman as conditions (articles) that he must agree to if he wants her to go through with the marriage, she concludes with this statement: These articles subscribed, if I continue to endure you a little longer, I may by degrees dwindle into a wife. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive At41 Words That Are Better Than GoodTrooper or Trouper?

Arg Synthesis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Arg Synthesis - Essay Example Additionally, the paper will define global warming. Consequently, it will analyze the causes of global warming and SDSU’s commitment in honoring the climate action plan (CAP). Global warming is primarily defined as the amplification and rise in earth’s temperature because of fossil fuels, industrial pollution and agricultural practices by human beings, and natural gas emissions (Chapin III et al, 1991). Due to these factors, greenhouse gases are emitted into the atmosphere in large quantities. Short wave solar radiations are absorbed into the earth hence increasing its surface temperature. According to experts, greenhouse gases are the main cause of the rise of the earth’s temperature. Greenhouse gases increase the heat trapping ability of the earth. The major causes of global warming are divided into two groups; man-made causes and natural causes. Natural causes are the factors amplified by nature. For example, the emission of methane gas from frosty tundra and wetlands is an example of a natural cause. Methane gas traps heat in the earth’s atmospheres hence raising earth’s temperature. As such, it is a greenhouse gas. Meanwhile, man-made causes result from human activities on the surface of the earth. Man-made effects are the major cause of global warming. Pollution is the major cause of global warming. It results from coal, fossil fuels or oil burning pollutes the environment by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Also, methane gas is released into the atmosphere when human beings excavate fossil fuels or minerals. The increase in the human population is another significant cause of global warming. A higher population means more transportation methods are needed, which translates to more fossil fuels b eing mined and burned hence increasing methane gas in the atmosphere (Cox et al, 2000). Additionally, an increase in population means more land is being cleared for farming and settlements. This has an impact